Modeling sintering process of iron ore, sintering methods and products, volodymyr shatokha, intechopen, doi. Prediction of iron ore sintering characters on the basis of. Bhagat introduction the process of sinter making originated from a need to make use of fines generated in mines and in ore beneficiation plants. Iron ore fines are agglomerated in the sintering process to produce. Pdf characterization of minerals, metals, and materials 2016 pp 167174 cite as. Raw material storage bins this pdf file is created by trial version of quick pdf converter suite. Compared with sintered ore, pellets have a higher iron and a lower gangcontent, and pelletizing is suitable for treating the very fine ore that will predominate in the future. This data is presented to the operator in the most efficient way, preferably in graphic format. Thermal cycle of the materials in the sinter strand. An ore blending optimization model for the sintering process is an intelligent system that includes iron ore characteristics, expert knowledge and material balance. Kasai institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials tohoku university japan phoenics user conference melbourne,2004 2 flowchart of steel production 3 sintering process concept region of. Iron ore, reducibility, rdi, sintering, softening and. In order to maintain iron content and gangue levels of sinter feed, the sinter ores became finer due to an increased necessity of beneficiation at the mining site.
Effect of sintering conditions on the formation of mineral. With the development of sintering technology, a sintering plant has become a tremendous success for providing a phenomenal increase in. Information on the number of iron ore and concentrates production installations in the eu 27 that are. With higher proportion of anthracite in fuel, permeability of sinter bed tends to decrease resulting in lower sinter productivity. Mar 09, 20 sintering is a thermal process carried out at 0 deg c to 1400 deg c by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the steel plant industry such as mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc. The sinter raw materials like coarse as well as fine iron ores, ultra. May 10, 2016 the presentation describes sinter structures, bonding, mineralogy, quality and other details of iron ore sinter.
Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines dust with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. Development of an iron ore sinter process model to predict. Media in category iron ore sinter the following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Melting tendencies at the grain boundaries lead to a caking of the material. Effect of mgo and basicity on microstructure and metallurgical. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled. The raw materials for the iron ore sintering with new zealand ironsand were iron ore blend, limestone, dolomite, silica sand, manganese ore, cold return fines crf and new zealand ironsand. Sintering is a fast process and it is unlikely that equilibrium will be reached during sintering. Pdf sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of. The sintering technology was developed for the treatment of the waste fines of iron ore, coke, limestone, dolomite and metallurgical wastes. Several attempts have been done to predict the final properties of the sinter product water et al. Beneficiation, sintering, and processing of raw materials for the iron and steel industry p.
Steel community and the country demand technological solutions for utilising low grade ores. In a sintering plant, a feed mixture of fine fraction ironrich mill secondary materials or ore and fluxing agents is fed onto a series of pallets mixed with a carbon source such as coke or coal. A finite difference model of the iron ore sinter process. Silicoferrite of calcium and aluminum sfca is one of the most commonlyproduced phases in fluxed iron ore sintering, and has long been regarded as an important bonding phase in industrial sinters. Introduction the sintering mixture, necessary for iron ore sinter. Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace. In the sintering process, the iron ore corresponds to the mixture of hematite, goethite and other gangue. Influence of high grade iron ore usage on the performance of. Reduction and sintering of ouxed iron ore pelletsa. In recent years, developments in sintering have made it possible for sinter plants to include up to about 30% iron ore concentrate in the fe raw material mix. The sintering mixture, necessary for iron ore sinter production, is composed of various kinds of iron ores, fluxes, recycled materials. This paper reports on attempts to identify materials, conditions, and mechanisms responsible for pcddf formation i by investigating salient properties of ores viz. After the relationships between iron ore characteristics and sintering performance. Guidelines for laboratory potgrate sintering tests.
Sep 30, 2012 compared with sintered ore, pellets have a higher iron and a lower gangcontent, and pelletizing is suitable for treating the very fine ore that will predominate in the future. The process of sinter making originated from a need to make use of fines generated in mines and in ore beneficiation plants. Thus the sintering process seems likely to retain its dominant position in terms of agglomeration of iron ore fines for blast furnace feed. On dioxin formation in iron ore sintering environmental. Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking. Rom iron ore with fe less than 58 60% discarded as waste. Sintering phenomena in fluxed composite iron ore pellets generally deal with. All topics have been written and formatted based on the practical observations. Main sources of feo in iron ore sinter is magnetite.
Legally binding document step out from the old to the newjawaharlal nehru invent a new india using knowledge. Each raw material except new zealand ironsand was crushed and screened to obtain a particle size smaller than 200 m before use. Anthracite is lower in porosity, higher in density, and slower in combustion rate. Oreblending optimization model for sintering process based. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described and the key steps of the sintering process, namely, granulation and thermal densification, are identified. The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical to be fed to the blast furnace.
Mineralogy of iron ores of different alumina levels from. Sintering is defined as the agglomeration of the iron ore fines generally sintering process, iron ore fine particles. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In the present work, 14 indices are proposed to represent chemical composition, granulating properties and high temperature properties of iron ores. Anthracite coal as fuel for iron ore sintering is compared with coke breeze. Iron ore sintering is an important source of dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzopdioxins and dibenzofurans pcddfs. Abstractiron ore sintering is a complex and hysteresis process, so the prediction of the iron ore sintering character is very necessary. Pdf sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes. Compared to cs, the temperature of input flue gas in fgrs is higher than fresh air, and co could be consumed in. Vreugdenburg synopsis iron ore fines are agglomerated to produce sinter, which is an important feed material for blast furnaces worldwide. After beneficiation iron ore availability can improve by about 50%. Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction sintering happens naturally in mineral deposits or as a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. And granulation technology of raw materials for iron ore sintering process received prispjelo.
The sintering mixture, necessary for iron ore sinter production, is composed of various kinds of iron ores, fluxes, recycled raw materials and fuel. A finite difference model of the iron ore sinter process by j. The level 2 model provides closedloop control of the process without. Aluminacontaining iron ores are major feed materials used in iron ore sintering in the asia pacific region. The presentation describes sinter structures, bonding, mineralogy, quality and other details of iron ore sinter. As mentioned before it is a high grade iron ore with low gangue content, which make it a very good ore to be used in sintering process.
Quite different behaviors of different iron ore fines are observed at higher temperatures. A model of the iron ore sintering process has been developed with the objective of being. In iron ore sintering, the hightemperature zone is the major resistance to airflowgas flow and, therefore, the major contributor to the pressure drop across sinter bed. Application of intraparticle combustion model for iron ore. Sinter plants 73 030301 sinter plants process description by sintering, the pelletisation of finegrained, smeltable ores, iron ore in particular, to compact lumps by heating nearly to the melting or softening point is understood. Iron ore sintering process pdf download available sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines recycled ironmaking.
The machine is made of pallets, mount or two rotating drums having grate. Simulation of sintering of iron ore packed 1 simulation of sintering of iron ore packed bed with variable porosity s. This topic features are related and suitable for 25 m2 annular sinter machine. The process, called sintering, causes the constituent materials to fuse to make a. Hematite ores, magnetite concentrates, admixtures dolomite, limestone and burnt lime, fuels coke breeze, anthracite and byproducts are used in poland to produce the sinter mixture. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents and solid fuel coke. The carbon source combusts to provide heat to fuse the feed into a porous solid material suitable for use as feed for a blast furnace. May 11, 2020 iron ore sintering is a type of powder metallurgy used to pretreat iron before using it in manufacturing applications. However, high quality iron ore resources are being depleted due to the heavy demand, and thus it is necessary to continue improving sintering technology in order to use lower quality iron ores in the raw mix. Beneficiation, sintering, and processing of raw materials for. The complexity of the reaction poses difficulties to optimize the process and hence the quality o f the sinter.
One of the possibilities to increase iron content in sinter is the modification of raw materials ratio. There are three main types of aluminacontaining iron ores and due to their unique properties they perform differently during the sintering process. The exact process used and additional elements involved vary, with some methods. The objective of this paper is to develop an iron ore sintering bed model which takes the single particle into consideration and incorporates more information on individual particles in terms of the entire iron ore sintering bed. The reaction mechanism proposed for self fluxing sinter is summarized below. Effects of anthracite replacing coke breeze on iron ore sintering. The iron ore sintering process is the largest source of emissions of dust and gas pollution in the iron and steel industry. Ppt simulation of sintering of iron ore packed powerpoint. Ore assimilation and secondary phases by sintering of rich. The iuclid 5 dossier consists of 14 sections, of which sections 1 and 3 have to be completed by individual registrants the other. The final product, a sinter, is a small, irregular nodule of iron mixed with small amounts of other minerals. The grain size of additives has to meet recycled raw materials and fuel.
Optimising iron ore sinter leads to cost savings csiro. Minor amounts are also present within the sfca phases. The blast furnace demands sinter with high strength, a low rdi, high ri. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents, and solid fuel coke. Sintering of iron ore is a generic term which is used to describe the process whereby a sinter mix raw mix or green mix of iron ore fines, fluxes, fuel coke breeze and plant return fines e. By using stepwise regression analysis, this paper confirms the main factors that influence moisture content, fuel ratio, sintering speed and the sintering drum strength. Englund may 2012 technical report nrritr201224 natural resources research institute university of minnesota duluth 50 miller trunk highway duluth, mn 558111442 coleraine minerals research laboratory one gayley avenue po box 188 coleraine, mn 55722. Guidelines for laboratory potgrate sintering tests for iron ore fines number of amendments.
Ironore sintering process optimization optymalizacja procesu aglomeracji rudy zelaza the work deals with examination of the influence of the ratio between iron ore concentrate and iron ore on quality of produced iron ore sinter. Trading scheme for the period 20 2020 for installations in the iron ore industry. A new composition and new grain size of sintering mixture have. The metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter mainly depends on sinter. Iron ore pellets with or without additives are commonly used as alternate charge.